Download PDF The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution by LARRY L. MAI
Sinopsis
Human biology is a diverse and multidisciplinary field that includes or borrows from anthropology, anatomy, auxology, evolutionary biology, genetics, geology, physiology, and zoology. In our studies of human biology we found that medical or general biology dictionaries often did not define many terms used in non-clinical human biology. This was especially true of the core terms used in physical anthropology and primatology.We have attempted to bridge that gap with this work. This compilation is intended to define and elaborate on the more important terms used in human biology and evolution. For readers with little background in these subjects, it identifies and provides definitions of core terms most frequently used in these areas. In addition, we have attempted to define, and occasionally annotate or expand on, subjects of interest to advanced students and professionals, such as fossil specimens, paleontological sites, and primate genera.
Content
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution
- Ataxonomy of extinct primates
- Ataxonomy of recent and extant primates
- Table of extant primate species
- Ageological time scale
- Terrestrial chronology of the Pleistocene ‘ice age’ in the northern hemisphere
- Marine oxygen isotope chronology
- Anatomical landmarks, postcranial bones and major muscle groups
- Event timeline of human biology and evolution
- Tentative hominid phylogeny
- The Greek alphabet
Download PDF The Facts On File DICTIONARY of FORENSIC SCIENCE by Suzanne Bell
Sinopsis
Forensic science is the ultimate inter-disciplinary science; accordingly, the reader will find within terms from biology, chemistry, geology, physics, anthropology, and archaeology, to name a few.
With more than 1,800 entries, The Facts On File Dictionary of Forensic Science is designed not only for use in school and public libraries but also can serve as a handy pocket reference for anyone interested in forensic science or working in a related field. Illustrations accompany many of the entries, and cross-referencing will assist the reader in obtaining a quick but complete definition of any term. The Appendices provide useful supplemental information including drawings of the human skeleton and skull as well as an extensive bibliography and list of websites.
The The Facts On File Dictionary of Forensic Science is best thought of as a distillation and compilation of the rich forensic literature such as is listed in Appendix I. This volume is not intended as a primary reference in the field, but rather as a pocket guide where readers can find information about forensic terms or concepts they encounter. The entries are, of necessity, brief, and interested readers are encouraged to seek more information, starting with the cited materials in the first appendix. All reasonable efforts have been extended to use current, common, and correct terminology as generally used in the field. Where terms have several potential meanings, definitions most relevant in the forensic arena are emphasized.
Content
- Entries A to Z
- Bibliographies and Web Resources
- Common Abbreviations and Acronyms
- Periodic Table of the Elements
- Common Units, Conversion Factors, and Prefixes
- Human Skeleton
- Human Skull
Download PDF OXFORD PAPERBACK REFERENCE: A Dictionary of Chemical Engineering by Carl Schaschke
Sinopsis
The purpose of this dictionary is to provide a quick, useful, and comprehensive reference to commonly used and, in some case, less commonly used terms from the field of chemical engineering. As with any dictionary, it is intended to provide definitions to words; it is not merely a brief glossary of terms, nor is it intended to be encyclopedic, with lengthy and overly long explanations. It is aimed at students at school and undergraduate students who will encounter, perhaps for the first time, unfamiliar technical terms. It is also aimed at postgraduates engaged in chemical engineering research as well as practitioners of chemical engineering in industry who may require clarification regarding terms. This dictionary is also aimed at the general reader who in the course of their work or daily lives may encounter unfamiliar terms. The focus of the dictionary is scientific and engineering terms. It includes core and fundamental terms commonly encountered across all degree programmes of chemical engineering worldwide. It includes many scientific and engineering concepts, laws, theories, and hypotheses. It includes significant organizations, international legislation, and biographical notes of influential scientists and engineers who have contributed to the development of the discipline. There are definitions of many types of specialist process equipment encountered in chemical engineering. This dictionary should therefore enable the reader to distinguish between a lute and a dead leg or a Hortonsphere and a holley-mott. Being a diverse discipline, there is an emphasis on established processes across a wide range of industries spanning nuclear, mineral, oil and gas, food, and pharmaceutical processing. Some older or former processes are also included where their usage was pioneering at the time or influenced later processes. Products, raw materials, and feedstocks are included, though to a far lesser extent; only those upon which major industries are based, such as crude oil, natural gas, minerals, and ores, are included. The full details of chemicals and their properties are included in the sister dictionaries such as the Oxford Dictionary of Chemistry .
As a branch of engineering in its own right, the roots of chemical engineering extend back to the nineteenth century. While many of the original and familiar terms are still in use today (such as unit operations attributed to Arthur D. Little), chemical engineering in the twenty-first century has expanded considerably and diversified into many new technological fields such as renewable energies, nanotechnology, and biomolecular engineering. Many students and professional engineers alike encounter new terms almost daily with which they may not be familiar or entirely clear. This dictionary therefore aims to provide up-to-date, clear, concise terms and definitions, and other useful and valuable information that can be used as a quick reference source.
The dictionary features over 3,000 of the most commonly encountered terms, although the number actually used by chemical engineers is far greater! There are many cases where words are used uniquely within a particular industry, or within a single industrial organization, and are not be found anywhere else. These have not been included. In providing a definition of each of the included words, the aim has been to be inclusive of all aspects of chemical engineering without being too general. If one starts with the very name chemical engineering , there are no doubt as many definitions as chemical engineers! Founding member of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Norman Swindin once described chemical engineering as engineering without wheels . An amusing definition but it falls a long way short of being helpful or informative.
The SI system of units has been used throughout although it is recognized that British Imperial and American customary units are still widely used in many industries. Reference has been made to commonly encountered units and conversions presented where appropriate.
Content
- SI prefixes and multiplication factors
- Derived units
- Derived units in SI and c.g.s.
- Abbreviations used for piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs)
- Dimensions and units
- Greek alphabet
- Periodic table
- Fundamental constants
- Recommended web links
Download PDF Pigment Compendium A Dictionary and Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments by Nicholas Eastaugh
Sinopsis
Tingry’s lament is perhaps as true now as it was at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Moreover, it could be reasonably argued that the terms used for pigments have become no simpler in that time – rather, that situation has been made more complex by the need to relate past writings on pigments to a modern understanding of chemistry. This volume is, therefore, an attempt to bring a degree of order to a field that struggles, wittingly or unwittingly, to deal with the nature of pigments and what we call them.
The origins of this book lie with the companion volume on optical microscopy of pigments and a functional requirement for the authors to develop a resource that could lead the scientist, historian and conservator from those obscure but perhaps familiar terms to the science. At the outset of the project it was apparent though that three fundamental but interrelated questions needed to be addressed. First, what pigments have been used historically? Second, what terms have been used for them? Third, what should we call them now? The answers that came out of these (and difficulties in easily providing them) led to the realisation that there was a broader need for a more substantial volume addressing the issues of terminology and the composition of pigments. It also became clear from this research that as a field we have commonly been operating within too narrow a band of pigments and that there is a marked discrepancy between the materials described in past treatises and the reports of pigments found on artefacts. This book is consequently not intended to replace the number of excellent studies on individual pigments that exist, rather to complement them and provide an up-to-date reference that helps deal with the wider complexities and interrelationships.
Content
- A Dictionary of Historial Pigments
- Optical Microscopy of Historical Pigments