Download PDF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY In a Globalizing World by BARBARA MILLER

Sinopsis

Old bones, Jurassic Park, cannibalism, hidden treasure, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom . The popular impression of anthropology is based mainly on movies and television shows that depict anthropologists as adventurers and heroes. Many anthropologists do have adventures and discover treasures such as ancient pottery, medicinal plants, and jade carvings. But most of their research is not glamorous. Some anthropologists spend years in difficult physical conditions, searching for the earliest fossils of  our ancestors. Others live among people in Silicon Valley, California, and study firsthand how they work and organize family life in a setting permeated by modern technology. Some anthropologists conduct laboratory analyses of the contents of tooth enamel to reveal where an individual once lived. Others study designs on prehistoric pottery to learn what the symbols mean, or observe nonhuman primates such as chimpanzees or orangutans in the wild to learn how they live.

Anthropology is the study of humanity, including prehistoric origins and contemporary human diversity. Compared with other disciplines that study humanity (such as history, psychology, economics, political science, and sociology), anthropology is broader in scope. Anthropology covers a much greater span of time than these disciplines, and it encompasses a broader range of topics.

Content

1. ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE STUDY OF CULTURE
2. RESEARCHING CULTURE
3. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
4. REPRODUCTION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
5. DISEASE, ILLNESS, AND HEALING
6. KINSHIP AND DOMESTIC LIFE
7. SOCIAL GROUPS AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
8. POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS
9. COMMUNICATION
10. RELIGION
11. EXPRESSIVE CULTURE
12. PEOPLE ON THE MOVE
13. PEOPLE DEFINING DEVELOPMENT

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Download PDF Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice, a Revised Edition by S.S Bhojwani

Sinopsis

One of the most important biological events in the life cycle of an organism is fertilization, which involves the fusion of two gametes of opposite sex or strain resulting in the formation of a zygote. From this singlecelled zygote originates the entire multicellular and multiorganed body of a higher organism; may it be a flowering plant or a human body. In a flowering plant, for example, structures as morphologically and functionally diverse as underground roots, green photosynthesizing leaves, and beautiful flowers all arise from the single-celled zygote through millions of mitoses. The latter process is a type of cell division characterized by identical products. Theoretically, therefore, all the cells in a plant body, whether residing in the flowers, conducting tissues or root tips, should have received the same genetic material as originally present in the zygote. All this would then suggest that there must be some other factor(s) superimposed on the genetic characteristics of cells which bring about this vast variation expressed by the genetically identical cells. The process involved in the manifestation of these variations is called differentiation. The morphological differentiation is actually preceded by certain cellular and subcellular changes. A pertinent question that arises at this stage is: whether the cellular changes underlying differentiation of various types of cells are permanent and, consequently, irreversible, or whether it is merely a social feature in which a cell undergoes an adaptive change to suit the functional need of the organism in general and the organ in particular. The fact that during the normal life cycle of a plant a cell which has differentiated into a palisade cell dies as a palisade cell and an epidermal cell does not revert to meristemic state may suggest that the events leading to differentiation are of a permanent nature. However, the classic experiments of Vochting on polarity in cuttings, carried out in 1878, suggest otherwise. He observed that all cells along the stem length are capable of forming roots as well as shoots, but their destiny is decided by their relative position in the cutting. The best way to answer this question and understand more about the inter-relationship between different cells of an organ and different organs of an organism would, however, be to remove them from the influence of their neighbouring cells and tissues and grow them in isolation on nutrient media. To put it in the words of the great German botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt (1854-1945), now aptly regarded as the father of plant tissue culture, 'To my knowledge, no systematically organized attempts to culture isolated vegetative cells from higher plants in simple nutrient solutions have been made. Yet the results of such culture experiments should give some interesting insight to the properties and potentialities which the cell as an elementary organism possesses. Moreover, it would provide information about the inter-relationships and complementary influences to which cells within a multicellular whole organism are exposed'. Haberlandt was the first person to culture isolated, fully differentiated cells as early as 1898 and the above lines are cited from the English translation of his classic paper presented in 1902 in which he described the results of his pioneering experiments (Krikorian and Berquam, 1969).

Content

1. Introductory history
2. Laboratory requirements and general techniques
3. Tissue culture media
4. Cell culture
5. Cellular totipotency
6. Somatic embryogenesis
7. Haploid production
8. Triploid production
9. Variant selection
10. In vitro pollination and fertilization
11. Zygotic embryo culture
12. Protoplast isolation and culture
13. Somatic hybridization and cybridization
14. Genetic engineering
15. Production of pathogen-free plants
16. Clonal propagation
17. Production of secondary metabolites
18. Germplasm storage

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Download PDF Unit 6 Cultural Diversity in Health and Social Care

Sinopsis

Cultural diversity in society is reflected in health and social care. This unit will help those who work in this area to develop their understanding of the value of cultural diversity and how this understanding can be used to help promote equality of opportunity for service users. The unit provides an introduction to cultural diversity. It explores the diversity of individuals in society from a wide range of different religious and secular backgrounds, and their beliefs and practices. You will investigate the factors that influence equality of opportunity for individuals in society and the roles and responsibilities of service providers. The law dictates what rights people have in health and social care. We look at some of the legislation, conventions, regulations, codes of practice and charters that are relevant to cultural diversity. The unit draws on all the other units and gives you a chance to put into practice all you are learning in Unit 1 Communication in Health and Social Care, Unit 2 Individual Rights within the Health and Social Care Sectors, Unit 3 Individual Needs in the Health and Social Care Sectors and Unit 9 Creative and Therapeutic Activities in Health and Social Care. In this unit you can also work towards Functional Skills ICT and English at Level 2 and towards Personal, Learning and Thinking Skills.

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Download PDF Contacts Langue Et Culture Francaises Eighth Edition By Valette

Content

1. Bonjour!
2. Copain, copine
3. Ça va?
4. À Québec
5. À Dakar
6. À Genève
7. La vie est belle
8. À la terrasse d’un café
9. Vive la musique
10. Ma famille
11. Rien n’est parfait
12. Le rêve et la réalité
13. Une question de priorité
14. Un mois à Paris
15. Souvenirs de vacances
16. Un grand gourmand
17. Petit déjeuner du matin
18. L’anniversaire de Charlotte
19. Une condition essentielle
20. Des notes importantes
21. Problèmes, problèmes
22. La vie urbaine
23. Le premier rendez-vous
24. Un cambriolage
25. Le sport, c’est la santé
26. Pauvre Stéphane!
27. Le grand amour
28. Une candidate parfaite
29. Après l’université
30. Si j’avais plus d’argent
31. La réussite
32. Français et Européens!
33. La mondialisation: pour ou contre?

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Download Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness 8th Edition By Rachel E. Spector

Sinopsis

I have had a 35-year adventure of studying the forces of culture, ethnicity, and religion and their profound influence on HEALTH, ILLNESS, and HEALING beliefs and practices. Many, many people have contributed generously to the knowledge I have acquired over this time as I have tried to serve as a voice for traditional people and the HEALTH, ILLNESS, and HEALING beliefs and practices derived from their given heritage. It has been a continuous struggle to insure that this information be included not only in nursing education but in the educational content of all helping professions—including medicine, the allied health professions, and social work.

I particularly wish to thank the following people for their guidance, professional support, and encouragement over the 32 years that this book, now in its eighth edition, has been an integral part of my life. They are people from many walks of life and have touched me in many ways. The people from Appleton-Century-Crofts, which became Appleton & Lang, then became Prentice Hall, and now Pearson. They include Kim Mortimer, Patrick Walsh, and countless people involved in the production of the text. My first encounter with publishing was with Leslie Boyer, an acquisition editor from Appleton- Century-Crofts, who simply said “write a book” in 1976. The experience of preparing this eighth edition has been a formidable one. Most of the new content has been gathered via the World Wide Web. However, the most exciting aspect of this project has been working with people in India throughout the copyediting phase. I was living in Honolulu, Hawaii; the Senior Project Manager, Saraswathi Muralidhar, was in India. We were thousands of miles apart, there was a fifteen and one half-hour difference in time; yet, we have completed this challenge in a most timely manner. Yes, the World Wide Web is an amazing asset. In 1976, when the first edition of this book was conceived, I never dreamt that this is where it would be in 2012. In addition, for this edition I have worked closely with Yagnesh Jani, the development editor in the United States. Without their help, this book would not be here today.

The many people who helped with advice and guidance to resources over the years include Elsi Basque, Billye Brown, Louise Buchanan, Julian Castillo, Leonel J. Castillo, Jenny Chan, Dr. P. K. Chan, Joe Colorado, Miriam Cook, Elizabeth Cucchiaro, Norine Dresser, Marjory Gordon, Orlando Isaza, Henry and Pandora Law, S. Dale McLemore, Anita Noble, Carl Rutberg, Sister Mary Nicholas Vincelli, David Warner, and the late Hawk Littlejohn, Father Richard McCabe, and Irving K. Zola.  I wish to thank my friends and family, who have tolerated my absence at countless social functions, and the many people who have provided the numerous support services necessary for the completion of an undertaking such as this. My husband, Manny, has been the rock who has sustained and supported me through all these years–most of all, I can never thank him enough. A lot has happened in my life since the first edition of this book was published in 1979. My family has shrunk with the deaths of all four parents, and it has greatly expanded with a new daughter, Hilary, and a new son, Perry, and five granddaughters—Julia, Emma, Naomi, Rose, and Miriam. The generations have gone, and come.

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