Download PDF Lehninger PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY by David L. Nelson And Michael M Cox

Sinopsis

About fifteen billion years ago, the universe arose as a cataclysmic eruption of hot, energy-rich subatomic particles. Within seconds, the simplest elements (hydrogen and helium) were formed. As the universe expanded and cooled, material condensed under the influence of gravity to form stars. Some stars became enormous and then exploded as supernovae, releasing the energy needed to fuse simpler atomic nuclei into the more complex elements. Thus were produced, over billions of years, Earth itself and the chemical elements found on Earth today. About four billion years ago, life arose—simple microorganisms with the ability to extract energy from chemical compounds and, later, from sunlight, which they used to make a vast array of more complex biomolecules from the simple elements and compounds on the Earth’s surface.

Biochemistry asks how the remarkable properties of living organisms arise from the thousands of different biomolecules. When these molecules are isolated and examined individually, they conform to all the physical and chemical laws that describe the behavior of inanimate matter—as do all the processes occurring in living organisms. The study of biochemistry shows how the collections of inanimate molecules that constitute living organisms interact to maintain and perpetuate life animated solely by the physical and chemical laws that govern the nonliving universe.

Content

1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
2. STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS
3. Water
4. Amino Acids,Peptides, and Proteins
5. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
6. Protein Function
7. Enzymes
8. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
9. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
10. DNA-Based Information Technologies
11. Lipids
12. Biological Membranes and Transport
13. Biosignaling
14. BIOENERGETICS AND METABOLISM
15. Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types
16. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
17. Principles of Metabolic Regulation
18. The Citric Acid Cycle
19. Fatty Acid Catabolism
20. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
21. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation
22. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria
23. Lipid Biosynthesis
24. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules
25. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
26. INFORMATION PATHWAYS
27. Genes and Chromosomes
28. DNA Metabolism
29. RNA Metabolism
30. Protein Metabolism
31. Regulation of Gene Expression

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