Download PDF ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY Vol 2

Sinopsis

Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) receptor (R) cDNAs were cloned 10 years ago (Leung et al., 1987; Boutin et al., 1988). Both are single-pass transmembrane chains that display a relatively low degree (- 30%) of similarity (Kelly et al., 1991). Initially, these receptors were believed to form a new family since their DNA and amino acid sequences failed to exhibit any homology with any other known receptor. However, further sequence comparison with newly-identified membrane receptors led to the identification of a new family of receptors sharing several structural and functional features with PRLR and GHR (Bazan, 1989, 1990; Kelly et al., 1991). Termed Class- 1 cytokine receptors, this new superfamily includes receptors for several interleukins, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OM), erythropoietin (EPO), thrombopoietin (TPO), gpl30 and the obesity factor, leptin (Stahl and Yancopoulos, 1993; Taga and Kishimoto, 1993; Kitamura et al., 1994; Finidori and Kelly, 1995; Goffin et al., 1996b). The newly established link between all these receptors has greatly facilitated functional studies at the molecular level, since it rapidly became clear that cytokine receptors share several features in the mechanisms of activation and of signal transduction. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the molecular aspects of PRLR and GHR. The first part focuses on the extracellular, ligand binding domain, whereas the second part is centered on the intracellular signalling domain. We conclude this article with a discussion of physiological significance of the different receptor isoforms.

Content

1. MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF PROLACTIN AND GROWTHHORMONE RECEPTORS
2. MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE ACTION
3. LEPTIN
4. CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION FOR GROWTH FACTORS
5. TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF THE CYP19 (AROMATASE) GENE
6. MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY
7. TWO GENES~ONE DISEASE: THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF CONGENITAL NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS
8. MECHANISMS OF RADIATION-INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS; THE THYROID MODEL

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