Download PDF Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers Third Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery

Sinopsis

ENGINEERING METHOD AND STATISTICAL THINKING An engineer is someone who solves problems of interest to society by the efficient application of scientific principles. Engineers accomplish this by either refining an existing product or process or by designing a new product or process that meets customers’ needs. The engineering, or scientific, method is the approach to formulating and solving these problems. The steps in the engineering method are as follows:

1. Develop a clear and concise description of the problem.
2. Identify, at least tentatively, the important factors that affect this problem or that may play a role in its solution.
3. Propose a model for the problem, using scientific or engineering knowledge of the phenomenon being studied. State any limitations or assumptions of the model.
4. Conduct appropriate experiments and collect data to test or validate the tentative model or conclusions made in steps 2 and 3.
5. Refine the model on the basis of the observed data.
6. Manipulate the model to assist in developing a solution to the problem.
7. Conduct an appropriate experiment to confirm that the proposed solution to the problem is both effective and efficient.
8. Draw conclusions or make recommendations based on the problem solution.

The steps in the engineering method are shown in Fig. 1-1. Notice that the engineering method features a strong interplay between the problem, the factors that may influence its solution, a model of the phenomenon, and experimentation to verify the adequacy of the model and the proposed solution to the problem. Steps 2–4 in Fig. 1-1 are enclosed in a box, indicating that several cycles or iterations of these steps may be required to obtain the final solution. Consequently, engineers must know how to efficiently plan experiments, collect data, analyze and interpret the data, and understand how the observed data are related to the model they have proposed for the problem under study.

The field of statistics deals with the collection, presentation, analysis, and use of data to make decisions, solve problems, and design products and processes. Because many aspects of engineering practice involve working with data, obviously some knowledge of statistics is important to any engineer. Specifically, statistical techniques can be a powerful aid in designing new products and systems, improving existing designs, and designing, developing, and improving production processes.

Content

1. The Role of Statistics in Engineering
2. Probability
3. Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions 
4. Continuous Random Variables and Probability Distributions
5. Joint Probability Distributions
6. Random Sampling and Data Description
7. Point Estimation of Parameters
8. Statistical Intervals for a Single Sample
9. Tests of Hypotheses for a Single Sample
10. Statistical Inference for Two Samples
11. Simple Linear Regression and Correlation
12. Design and Analysis of Single-Factor Experiments: The Analysis of Variance
13. Design of Experiments with Several Factors
14. Nonparametric Statistics
15. Statistical Quality Control

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