Sinopsis
Methods, Chemical Methods, and Energy Intensive Methods. Physical methods of wastewater treatment represent a body of technologies that we refer largely to as solid-liquid separations techniques, of which filtration plays a dominant role. Filtration technology can be broken into two general categories - conventional and non-conventional. This technology is an integral component of drinking water and wastewater treatment applications. It is, however, but one unit process within a modern water treatment plant scheme, whereby there are a multitude of equipment and technology options to select from depending upon the ultimate goals of treatment. To understand the role of filtration, it is important to make distinctions not only with the other technologies employed in the cleaning and purification of industrial and municipal waters, but also with the objectives of different unit processes.
Chemical methods of treatment rely upon the chemical interactions of the contaminants we wish to remove from water, and the application of chemicals that either aid in the separation of contaminants from water, or assist in the destruction or neutralization of harmful effects associated with contaminants. Chemical treatment methods are applied both as stand-alone technologies, and as an integral part of the treatment process with physical methods.
Among the energy intensive technologies, thermal methods have a dual role in water treatment applications. They can be applied as a means of sterilization, thus providing high quality drinking water, and/or these technologies can be applied to the processing of the solid wastes or sludge, generated from water treatment applications. In the latter cases, thermal methods can be applied in essentially the same manner as they are applied to conditioning water, namely to sterilize sludge contaminated with organic contaminants, and/or these technologies can be applied to volume reduction. Volume reduction is a key step in water treatment operations, because ultimately there is a tradeoff between polluted water and hazardous solid waste.
Energy intensive technologies include electrochemical techniques, which by and large are applied to drlnking water applications. They represent both sterilization and conditioning of water to achieve a palatable quality.
Content
- An Overview of Water and Wastewater Treatment
- What Filtration Is All About
- Chemical Additives that Enhance Filtration
- Selecting the Right Filter Media
- What Pressure- and Cake-Filtration Are All About
- Cartridge and Other Filters Worth Mentioning
- What Sand Filtration is All About
- Sedimentation, Clarification, Flotation, and Coalescence
- Membrane Separation Technologies
- Ion Exchange and Carbon Adsorption
- Water Sterilization Technologie
- Treating the Sludge
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