Sinopsis
Acquisition of a fine-needle aspirate for cytological examination is a fast and easy, minimally invasive technique which can be performed in every practice or clinic. The advantages are that generally no anaesthesia or sedation is required and the risk of haemorrhage is minimal while the technique provides an excellent evaluation of single cell morphology. In contrast to histology, however, it has to be kept in mind that the tissue architecture is not preserved and cannot be evaluated. Histopathological examination of biopsy specimens allows the assessment of growth patterns and the margins of the lesion can be visualised if necessary, but surgical biopsy is associated with a higher risk of haemorrhage and anaesthesia (local or general) is necessary. Adequate techniques of sample preparation and staining are mandatory for the optimal interpretation of cytological specimens. Moreover, correct interpretation of any cytological specimen requires correct microscopic examination and recognition of common artefacts. This chapter describes the practical approach to optimal sampling, routine staining techniques and the systematic microscopic evaluation and detection of common artefacts.
Content
- Cytological Collection Techniques and Sample Preparation
- General Principles of Cytological Interpretation
- Cytology of the Lymphoid Tissues
- Cytology of Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Lesions
- Cytology of the Respiratory Tract
- Biochemical and Cytological Evaluation of Body Cavity Effusions
- Cytology of Synovial Fluid
- Biochemical and Cytological Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Cytology of the Eye and Adnexal Structures
- Cytology of the Urinary Tract
- Cytology of the Liver, Exocrine Pancreas and Gastrointestinal Tract
- Cytological Examination of the Endocrine Glands
- Cytology of the Male and Female Genital Tracts
- Cytology of Mammary Gland Lesions
- Cytology of Selected Infectious Organisms
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