Sinopsis
Scientists distinguish between situations that are merely correlated (happen together) and those that are correlated and show cause and effect relationships. Many events are correlated, but not all correlations show cause-and-effect. When an event occurs as a direct result of a previous event, a cause-and-effect relationship exists. For example, lightning and thunder are correlated and have a cause and effect relationship. Lightning causes thunder.
The relationship between ingesting microorganisms and foodborne illness can be difficult to figure out. Because people have experienced bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, many assume that all microbes cause disease. In addition, the media portray all microbes as dangerous. Companies tell us that you should buy their antimicrobial product. They claim that their product will kill all the microbes, and therefore you will not come down with a foodborne illness. However, scores of different scientists have demonstrated through countless laboratory experiments that only a small number of microbes are pathogenic ; that is, capable of causing harm. In fact, it turns out that most microbes are beneficial. These experiments have led to the identification of specific mechanisms by which pathogens cause harm. For example, a specific toxin (poison) can be collected from a suspect bacterium, purified, and administered to a laboratory animal in its food. If the animal displays the predicted foodborne illness symptoms, the experiment lends credibility to the fact that the microbe is responsible for that illness. Knowing that a causeand- effect relationship exists enables us to make a prediction. If the same set of circumstances occurs in the future, the same effect will result.
Content
- What Is Biology?
- Chemistry, Cells, and Metabolism
- The Basics of Life: Chemistry
- Organic Molecules The Molecules of Life
- Cell Structure and Function
- Enzymes, Coenzymes, and Energy
- Biochemical Pathways Cellular Respiration
- Biochemical Pathways Photosynthesis Molecular Biology, Cell Division, and Genetics
- DNA and RNA: The Molecular Basis of Heredity
- Cell Division—Proliferation and Reproduction
- Patterns of Inheritance
- Applications of Biotechnology
- Evolution and Ecology
- Diversity Within Species and Population Genetics
- Evolution and Natural Selection
- The Formation of Species and Evolutionary Change
- Ecosystem Dynamics: The Flow of Energy and Matter
- Community Interactions
- Population Ecology
- Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Behavior
- The Origin and Classification of Life
- The Origin of Life and the Evolution of Cells
- The Classification and Evolution of Organisms
- The Nature of Microorganisms
- The Plant Kingdom
- The Animal Kingdom
- Physiological Processes
- Materials Exchange in the Body
- Nutrition: Food and Diet
- The Body’s Control Mechanisms and Immunity
- Human Reproduction, Sex, and Sexuality
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