Sinopsis
The initial step in the excretory function of the nephron is the formation of an ultrafiltrate of plasma across the glomerulus. This fluid then passes through the tubules and is modified in two ways: by reabsorption and by secretion. Reabsorption refers to the removal of a substance from the filtrate, whereas secretion refers to the addition of a substance to the filtrate. As will be seen, the different tubular segments make varying contributions to these processes. Fluid filtered across the glomerulus enters Bowman's space and then the proximal tubule (Fig. 1-1). The proximal tubule is composed anatomically of an initial convoluted segment and a later straight segment, the pars recta, which enters the outer medulla. The loop of Henle begins abruptly at the end of the pars recta. It generally includes a thin descending limb and thin and thick segments of the ascending limb. The hairpin configuration of the loop of Henle plays a major role in the excretion of a hyperosmotic urine.
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