Sinopsis
Pathology is the study of structural and functional abnormalities that are expressed as diseases of organs and systems. Classic theories attributed diseases to imbalances or noxious effects of humors on specifi c organs. In the 19th century, Rudolf Virchow, often referred to as the father of modern pathology, proposed that injury to the smallest living unit of the body, the cell, is the basis of all disease. To this day, clinical and experimental pathology remain rooted in this concept, which is now extended by an increased understanding of the molecular nature of many disease processes.
A living cell must maintain the ability to produce energy, much of which is spent in establishing a barrier between the internal milieu of the cell and a hostile environment. The plasma membrane, associated ion pumps and receptor molecules serve this purpose. A cell must also be able to adapt to adverse environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature, solute concentrations, oxygen supply, the presence of noxious agents and so on. If an injury exceeds the adaptive capacity of the cell, the cell dies. From this perspective, pathology is the study of cell injury and the expression of a cell’s pre-existing capacity to adapt to such injury.
Content
- Cell Adaptation, Cell Injury and Cell Death
- Inflammation
- Repair, Regeneration and Fibrosis
- Immunopathology
- Neoplasia
- Developmental and Genetic Diseases
- Hemodynamic Disorders
- Environmental and Nutritional Pathology
- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
- Blood Vessels
- The Heart
- The Respiratory System
- The Gastrointestinal Tract
- The Liver and Biliary System
- The Pancreas
- The Kidney
- The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Reproductive System
- The Female Reproductive System
- The Breast
- Hematopathology
- The Endocrine System
- Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome
- The Amyloidoses
- The Skin
- The Head and Neck
- Bones and Joints
- Skeletal Muscle
- The Nervous System
- The Eye
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