Sinopsis
This book has been written primarily for undergraduate medical students. At the same time, we have borne in mind students following other health science courses where a basic understanding of the nervous system and its major disorders is required, and also students of basic neuroscience, who are invariably intrigued and edified by discussion of the disorders which afflict the human nervous system.
The book has been prepared during a period of widespread debate on, and evolution in, the substance and style of medical education. There are several driving forces for change, one being the recognition that unreasonable and unnecessary demands are often being made of students in the sheer volume of information which they are required to assimilate. This has prompted students, educators and health professionals alike to question, across the whole curriculum, the depth of knowledge which is required by the newly-qualified doctor and the means by which it should be achieved. The General Medical Council has recommended the development of a system-based core curriculum and has emphasised the crucial importance of integration between basic science and clinical medicine. These proposals have been welcomed and amplified, with respect to the teaching of neurology, by the Association of British Neurologists.
No area of medical science lends itself better than neuroscience to such a system-based, integrated approach and this has been the principal philosophy guiding the preparation of this book. Neuroscience, with all its sub-specialities both basic and clinical, is an enormous field where the growth of knowledge through research is exponential. T his creates a great challenge to the medical educator in selecting what should comprise the core curriculum. It also signifies the potential for future advances in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of neurological disease, recognised by the designation of the 1990s as the ‘Decade of the Brain’.
Neuroanatomy is the cornerstone upon which is built an understanding of the nervous system and its disorders. The aim of this book, therefore, is to provide a clear and concise account of the anatomy of the human nervous system in sufficient detail to understand its main functions and the common disorders by which it is affected. An important feature of the book is the integration of neuroanatomy with illustrative clinical material. T his has been done in order to show how a knowledge of neuroanatomy can help in the understanding of clinical symptoms and also to emphasise those areas of neuroanatomy which are particularly relevant to human neurological disease. We have introduced clinical concepts in the most elementary way to give a broad outline of the aetiology of nervous disease and the link with clinical diagnostic methods. Clinical material has been integrated as closely as possible with the relevant neuroanatomy. Furthermore, the clinical text has been boxed so that it is readily identifiable and can be easily selected to review or pass over. Each chapter also contains boxed summaries. T he purpose of these is to assist the reader in identifying key points and as an aid to revision.
Both neuroanatomy and clinical medicine are new to the student first entering medical school. By studying the introductory chapter and the summaries of later, more detailed, chapters the student will gain an overview of the scope and extent of the subject of neuroanatomy and will be introduced to the basic concepts underlying the clinical diagnosis of neurological disease. For those unfamiliar with clinical terminology a glossary has been provided to explain the meaning of commonly used expressions. As more detailed knowledge of neuroanatomy is gained, this will be enhanced and illuminated by reference to the selected clinical material which exemplifies the relevance of neuroanatomy to clinical neurology. Later, when students enter neurological training, they need to refresh in their minds the basic principles of neuroanatomy and link these to clinical diagnostic methods. At this time, the systematic study of patients with individual neurological diseases can be greatly enhanced by returning to the detailed anatomy of diseased structures.
Content
- Introduction and overview
- Cells of the nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
- Coverings of the central nervous system
- Ventricular system and cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood supply of the central nervous system
- Spinal cord
- Brain stem
- Cranial nerves and cranial nerve nuclei
- Cerebellum
- Thalamus
- Cerebral hemisphere and cerebral cortex
- Corpus striatum
- Visual system
- Hypothalamus, limbic system and olfactory system
- Problem-solving
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