Sinopsis
The field of science dealing with the relationships of heat, work, and properties of systems is called thermodynamics. A macroscopic approach to the study of thermodynamics is called classical thermodynamics. In engineering fields, a substance is considered to be in continuum, that is, it is continuously distributed throughout. The facts that matter is made up of molecules and that the molecules have motions are completely ignored. When a system is subjected to transfer of energy or other thermodynamic processes, attention is focused on the behavior of the system as a whole. This approach is mathematically rather simple, and allows engineers to easily describe a system using only a few properties. Engineering thermodynamics is based on this macroscopic point of view. If the continuum assumption is not valid, a statistical method based on microscopic molecular activity may be used to describe a system. The microscopic approach inquires into the motion of molecules, assumes certain mathematical models for the molecular behavior, and draws conclusions regarding the behavior of a system. Such a microscopic approach to the study of thermodynamics is called statistical thermodynamics. The microscopic approach is mathematically complex. Fortunately, the microscopic aspects are not essential in most of the important technical applications. We can obtain excellent engineering solutions using the simpler macroscopic ideas. Therefore, we shall use the macroscopic approach in this text.
Thermodynamics is studied by physicists, chemists, and engineers. Physicists and chemists are concerned with basic laws, properties of substances, and changes in the properties caused by the interaction of different forms of energy. Engineers are interested not only in all these aspects, but also in the application of thermodynamic principles to the design of machines that will convert energy from one form into another. Mechanical engineers are frequently concerned with the design of a system that will most efficiently convert thermalenergy into mechanical energy, or vice versa.
Content
- Basic Concepts
- Properties of Thermodynamic Substances
- First Law of Thermodynamics for Closed Systems
- First Law of Thermodynamics for Open Systems
- Second Law of Thermodynamics
- Entropy
- Exergy and Irreversibility
- Vapor Cycles
- Gas Closed System Cycles
- Gas Open System Cycles
- Combined Cycle and Co-Generation
- Refrigeration and Heat Pump Cycles
- Finite-Time Thermodynamics
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