Download PDF Biology Second edition by Robert J. Brooker

Sinopsis

A good way to begin a biology textbook is to distinguish living organisms from nonliving objects. At first, the distinction might seem intuitively obvious. A person is alive, but a rock is not. However, the distinction between living and nonliving may seem less obvious when we consider microscopic entities. Is a bacterium alive? What about a virus or a chromosome? In this section, we will examine the characteristics that are common to all forms of life and consider the levels of organization that biologists study.

Cells and Organization The concept of organization is so fundamental to biology that the term organism can be applied to all living species. Organisms maintain an internal order that is separated from the environment (Figure 1.5a). The simplest unit of such organization is the cell, which we will examine in Unit II. The cell theory states that (1) all organisms are made of cells, (2) cells are the smallest units of life, and (3) cells come from pre-existing cells via cell division. Unicellular organisms are composed of one cell, whereas multicellular organisms such as plants and animals contain many cells. In plants and animals, each cell has internal order, and the cells within the body have specific arrangements and functions.

Content

1. An Introduction to Biology
2. Chemistry
3. The Chemical Basis of Life I: Atoms, Molecules, and Water 
4. The Chemical Basis of Life II: Organic Molecules 
5. Cell
6. General Features of Cells 
7. Membrane Structure, Synthesis, and Transport 
8. An Introduction to Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism 
9. Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism 
10. Photosynthesis 
11. Cell Communication 
12. Multicellularity
13. Genetics
14. Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication, and Chromosome Structure 
15. Gene Expression at the Molecular Level 
16. Gene Regulation 
17. Mutation, DNA Repair, and Cancer 
18. The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis 
19. Simple Patterns of Inheritance 
20. Complex Patterns of Inheritance 
21. Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria 
22. Developmental Genetics 
23. Genetic Technology 
24. Genomes, Proteomes, and Bioinformatics
25. Evolution
26. The Origin and History of Life 
27. An Introduction to Evolution 
28. Population Genetics 
29. Origin of Species and Macroevolution 
30. Taxonomy and Systematic
31. Diversity
32. Bacteria and Archaea 
33. Protists 
34. Plants and the Conquest of Land 
35. The Evolution and Diversity of Modern Gymnosperms and Angiosperms 
36. Fungi 
37. An Introduction to Animal Diversity 
38. The Invertebrates 
39. The Vertebrates
40. Plants
41. An Introduction to Flowering Plant Form and Function 
42. Flowering Plants: Behavior 
43. Flowering Plants: Nutrition 
44. Flowering Plants: Transport 
45. Flowering Plants: Reproduction
46. Animals
47. Animal Bodies and Homeostasis 
48. Neuroscience I: Cells of the Nervous System 
49. Neuroscience II: Evolution and Function of the Brain and Nervous Systems 
50. Neuroscience III: Sensory Systems 
51. Muscular-Skeletal Systems and Locomotion 
52. Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption 
53. Control of Energy Balance, Metabolic Rate, and Body Temperature 
54. Circulatory Systems 
55. Respiratory Systems 
56. Excretory Systems and Salt and Water Balance 
57. Endocrine Systems 
58. Animal Reproduction 
59. Animal Development 
60. Immune Systems
61. Ecology
62. An Introduction to Ecology and Biomes 
63. Behavioral Ecology 
64. Population Ecology 
65. Species Interactions 
66. Community Ecology 
67. Ecosystems Ecology 
68. Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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