Sinopsis
Today’s use of medicinal plants and bioactive phytocompounds worldwide and our scientific knowledge of them comprises the modern field of the “phytosciences.” The phytosciences have been created from the integration of disciplines that have never been linked before, combining diverse areas of economic, social, and political fields, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, medicine, and agriculture. The field is unique among the biomedical sciences in that instead of testing a hypothesis, in the phytosciences researchers try to determine whether plants commonly used in traditional medicine brings benefits for health and, if so, what their mechanisms of action are.
Despite the common belief that phytocompounds are safe, they all have inherent risks just like synthetic compounds. Thus it is within the scope of the phytosciences to elucidate side-effects, appropriate doses, identify bioactive phytocompounds and ways of extraction and conservation. Besides these, legal aspects regarding regulation of the prescription and commercial sale of medicinal plants are a matter of debate all around the world. The varied regulations in different jurisdictions regarding the prescription and sale of these products add confusion to the formal use of phytocompounds.
As a multidisciplinary science, research in the phytosciences is almost unlimited, which makes it impossible to discuss all aspects of this emerging science in just one chapter. Therefore, we have focussed here mainly on the antimicrobial activity of bioactive phytocompounds, discussing their use against multidrugresistant (MDR) bacteria and fungi, their mechanisms of action, and their interactions with macromolecules and potential for toxicity in mammalian cells. Technical aspects regarding the development of fast and reliable methods of extraction, high output screening systems, and bioautography of essential oils and crude extracts and fractions have also been discussed. Problems related to the efficacy, stability, drug delivery systems and quality control are also commented on. Overall this chapter aims to provide a better understanding of the modern field of the phytosciences and its application in the world today.
Content
- Bioactive Phytocompounds: New Approaches in the Phytosciences
- Quality Control, Screening, Toxicity, and Regulation of Herbal Drugs
- Herbal Medicines: Prospects and Constraints
- Bioactive Phytocompounds and Products Traditionally Used in Japan
- Plant Extracts Used to Manage Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections in Southern Africa
- Biological and Toxicological Properties of Moroccan Plant Extracts: Advances in Research
- Anti-MRSA and Anti-VRE Activities of Phytoalexins and Phytoncides Isolated from Tropical Plants
- Methods for Testing the Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts
- Targeted Screening of Bioactive Plant Extracts and Phytocompounds Against Problematic Groups of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
- Activity of Plant Extracts and Plant-Derived Compounds against Drug-Resistant Microorganisms
- An Alternative Holistic Medicinal Approach to the Total Management of Hepatic Disorders: A Novel Polyherbal Formulation
- Traditional Plants and Herbal Remedies Used in the Treatment of Diarrheal Disease: Mode of Action, Quality, Efficacy, and Safety Considerations
- Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of Medicinal Plants
- Potential of Plant-Derived Products in the Treatment of Mycobacterial Infections
- Ethnomedicinal Antivirals: Scope and Opportunity
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Phytocompounds
- Use of a Liposomal Delivery System for Herbal-Based Therapeutics (with a Focus on Clove Oil)
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